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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>Chapter 12.  Numerics</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, library" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="up" href="std_contents.html" title="Part II.  Standard Contents" /><link rel="prev" href="algorithms.html" title="Chapter 11.  Algorithms" /><link rel="next" href="generalized_numeric_operations.html" title="Generalized Operations" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12. 
  Numerics
  
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    Standard Contents
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  Numerics
  <a id="id-1.3.4.10.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#std.numerics.complex">Complex</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics.html#numerics.complex.processing">complex Processing</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="generalized_numeric_operations.html">Generalized Operations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html">Interacting with C</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.array">Numerics vs. Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="numerics_and_c.html#numerics.c.c99">C99</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="std.numerics.complex"></a>Complex</h2></div></div></div><p>
  </p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="numerics.complex.processing"></a>complex Processing</h3></div></div></div><p>
    </p><p>Using <code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> becomes even more comple- er, sorry,
      <span class="emphasis"><em>complicated</em></span>, with the not-quite-gratuitously-incompatible
      addition of complex types to the C language.  David Tribble has
      compiled a list of C++98 and C99 conflict points; his description of
      C's new type versus those of C++ and how to get them playing together
      nicely is
<a class="link" href="http://david.tribble.com/text/cdiffs.htm#C99-complex" target="_top">here</a>.
   </p><p><code class="code">complex&lt;&gt;</code> is intended to be instantiated with a
      floating-point type.  As long as you meet that and some other basic
      requirements, then the resulting instantiation has all of the usual
      math operators defined, as well as definitions of <code class="code">op&lt;&lt;</code>
      and <code class="code">op&gt;&gt;</code> that work with iostreams: <code class="code">op&lt;&lt;</code>
      prints <code class="code">(u,v)</code> and <code class="code">op&gt;&gt;</code> can read <code class="code">u</code>,
      <code class="code">(u)</code>, and <code class="code">(u,v)</code>.
   </p><p>As an extension to C++11 and for increased compatibility with C,
      <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> includes both <code class="code">&lt;complex&gt;</code>
      and the C99 <code class="code">&lt;complex.h&gt;</code> (if the C library provides
      it).
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